The Prevalence and Characteristics of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome in High School Baseball Players

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is one of the common neurovascular disorders of the upper extremities, and the compression or traction of the brachial plexus is the main pathology. We hypothesized that baseball players are more likely to be affected by TOS compared with other overhead-throwing athletes because of strenuous use of their throwing arm. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of TOS in high school baseball players. One thousand two hundred eighty-eight high school baseball players were included in this study. The prevalence of symptomatic TOS and its association to disorders of the upper extremities were investigated. The prevalence of symptomatic TOS was 32.8%. Ageand position-adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that subjects with symptomatic TOS were at significantly higher risk of shoulder and/or elbow pain (odds ratio [OR]: 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50 2.58) and a higher recurrence rate of shoulder and/or elbow pain during the previous season (OR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.87 3.04). As for physical findings, subjects with symptomatic TOS were also at significantly higher risk of MUCL tenderness (OR: 2.53, 95% CI: 1.83 3.50), positive milking maneuver, (OR: 2.63, 95% CI: 1.78 3.91), positive subacromial impingement sign (OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.20 3.07), and positive posterior impingement sign (OR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.67 3.28) compared to the subjects without symptomatic TOS. It is necessary to recognize that TOS is not a rare pathology in overhead-throwing athletes, especially baseball players, and that players with symptomatic TOS are at significantly higher risk of shoulder/elbow pain. How to cite this paper: Otoshi, K., Kikuchi, S., Kato, K., Sato, R., Igari, T., Kaga, T., Shishido, H., Konno, S., Koga, R., Furushima, K. and Itoh, Y. (2017) The Prevalence and Characteristics of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome in High School Baseball Players. Health, 9, 1223-1234. https://doi.org/10.4236/health.2017.98088 Received: April 11, 2017 Accepted: August 22, 2017 Published: August 25, 2017 Copyright © 2017 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access